Indian Constitution : Articles and Parts
Indian Constitution when adopted by Constituent Assembly in 1949 had 395 articles and 22 parts.Additional articles and parts are inserted through various amendments. As of now Indian constitution contains 448 articles in 25 parts.There are 12 schedules in the Indian constitution.The Constitution of India begins with a Preamble which specifies the feature of the Indian State and the objectives it is committed to secure.The constitution of India is the largest written constitution.Indian constitution makes the government system work.
PARTS OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION
| Part | Subject | Articles |
| Part I | The union & Its Territory | Article 1 – 4 |
| Part II | Citizenship | Article 5 – 11 |
| Part III | Fundamental Rights | Article 12 – 35 |
| Part IV | Directive Principles | Article 36 – 51 |
| Part IVA | Fundamental Duties | Article 51A |
| Part V | The Union | Article 52 – 151 |
| Part VI | The States | Article 152 – 237 |
| Part VII | The States In Part B of the First Schedule | Repealed By Constitution (7th Amendment) Act .1956 |
| Part VIII | The Union Territories | Article 239 – 242 |
| Part IX | The Panchayats | Article 243 – 243O |
| Part IXA | The Municipalities | Article 243 P – 243ZG |
| Part X | The Scheduled and Tribal Areas | Article 244 – 244A |
| Part XI | Relations between the Union And The States | Article 245 – 263 |
| Part XII | Finance,Property,Contracts and Suits | Article 264 – 300A |
| Part XIII | Trade , Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory Of India | Article 301 – 307 |
| Part XIV | Service Under the Union and the States | Article 308 – 323 |
| Part XIVA | Tribunals | Article 323A – 323B |
| Part XV | Elections | Article 324 – 329(329A -Repealed) |
| Part XVI | Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes | Article 330 – 342 |
| Part XVII | Official Language | Article 343 – 351 |
| Part XVIII | Emergency provisions | Article 352-360 (359A-Repealed) |
| Part XIX | Miscellaneous | Article 361 – 367 (362-Repealed) |
| Part XX | Amendment of the Constitution | Article 368 |
| Part XXI | Temporary Transitional and Special Provisions | Article 369 – 392 (379-391 Repealed) |
| Part XXII | Short Title,Commencement,Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals | Article 393 – 395 |
ARTICLES OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION
Part I : The union & Its Territory ( Article 1- 4 )
| Article | Importance |
| 1 | Name and territory of the Union |
| 2 | Admission or establishment of new States |
| 2A | Repealed |
| 3 | Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States |
| 4 | Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters |
Part II :Citizenship ( Article 5 – 11)
| Article | Importance |
| 5 | Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution |
| 6 | Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan |
| 7 | Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan. |
| 8 | Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India |
| 9 | Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens. |
| 10 | Continuance of the rights of citizenship. |
| 11 | Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law. |
Part III : Fundamental Rights ( Article 12 – 35 )
| Article | Importance |
General
|
|
| 12 | Definition. |
| 13 | Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights |
Right to Equality
|
|
| 14 | Equality before law. |
| 15 | Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth |
| 16 | Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment. |
| 17 | Abolition of Untouchability |
| 18 | Abolition of titles |
Right to Freedom
|
|
| 19 | Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc. |
| 20 | Protection in respect of conviction for offences. |
| 21 | Protection of life and personal liberty. |
| 21 A | Right to education |
| 22 | Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases |
Right against Exploitation
|
|
| 23 | Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour. |
| 24 | Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc |
Right to Freedom of Religion
|
|
| 25 | Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion. |
| 26 | Freedom to manage religious affairs |
| 27 | Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion. |
| 28 | Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions. |
Cultural and Educational Rights
|
|
| 29 | Protection of interests of minorities. |
| 30 | Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions |
| 31 | Repealed |
Saving of Certain Laws
|
|
| 31A | Saving of Laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc. |
| 31B | Validation of certain Acts and Regulations |
| 31C | Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles |
| 31D | Repealed |
Right to Constitutional Remedies
|
|
| 32 | Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part |
| 32A | Repealed |
| 33 | Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc |
| 34 | Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area |
| 35 | Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part. |
Part IV : Directive Principles ( Article 36-51 )
| Article | Importance |
| 36 | Definition |
| 37 | Application of the principles contained in this Part. |
| 38 | State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people |
| 39 | Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State. |
| 39A | Equal justice and free legal aid |
| 40 | Organisation of village panchayats |
| 41 | Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases |
| 42 | Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief. |
| 43 | Living wage, etc., for workers. |
| 43A | Participation of workers in management of industries. |
| 44 | Uniform civil code for the citizens. |
| 45 | Provision for free and compulsory education for children. |
| 46 | Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections |
| 47 | Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health |
| 48 | Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry. |
| 48A | Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife. |
| 49 | Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance. |
| 50 | Separation of judiciary from executive |
| 51 | Promotion of international peace and security. |
Part IVA : Fundamental Duties (Article 51A )
| Article | Importance |
| 51A | Fundamental duties |
Part V : The Union (Article 52 -151)
| Article | Importance |
Chapter : I The Executive |
|
| The President and Vice-President | |
| 52 | The President of India |
| 53 | Executive power of the Union. |
| 54 | Election of President. |
| 55 | Manner of election of President |
| 56 | Term of office of President. |
| 57 | Eligibility for re-election. |
| 58 | Qualifications for election as President. |
| 59 | Conditions of President’s office. |
| 60 | Oath or affirmation by the President. |
| 61 | Procedure for impeachment of the President. |
| 62 | Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy |
| 63 | The Vice-President of India |
| 64 | The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States. |
| 65 | The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President |
| 66 | Election of Vice-President |
| 67 | Term of office of Vice-President |
| 68 | Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy |
| 69 | Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President |
| 70 | Discharge of President’s functions in other contingencies |
| 71 | Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President. |
| 72 | Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases. |
| 73 | Extent of executive power of the Union. |
| Council of Ministers | |
| 74 | Council of Ministers to aid and advise President. |
| 75 | Other provisions as to Ministers. |
| The Attorney-General for India | |
| 76 | Attorney-General for India. |
| Conduct of Government Business | |
| 77 | Conduct of business of the Government of India. |
| 78 | Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc |
Chapter II : Parliament |
|
| General | |
| 79 | Constitution of Parliament |
| 80 | Composition of the Council of States |
| 81 | Composition of the House of the People. |
| 82 | Readjustment after each census |
| 83 | Duration of Houses of Parliament. |
| 84 | Qualification for membership of Parliament. |
| 85 | Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution. |
| 86 | Right of President to address and send messages to Houses |
| 87 | Special address by the President |
| 88 | Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses |
| Officers of Parliament | |
| 89 | The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States. |
| 90 | Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman. |
| 91 | Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman. |
| 92 | The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration |
| 93 | The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People |
| 94 | Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker. |
| 95 | Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker |
| 96 | The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration. |
| 97 | Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker |
| 98 | Secretariat of Parliament |
| Conduct of Business | |
| 99 | Oath or affirmation by members |
| 100 | Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum. |
| Disqualifications of Members | |
| 101 | Vacation of seats. |
| 102 | Disqualifications for membership. |
| 103 | Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members. |
| 104 | Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified. |
| Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members | |
| 105 | Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof. |
| 106. | Salaries and allowances of members |
| Legislative Procedure | |
| 107 | Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills. |
| 108 | Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases. |
| 109 | Special procedure in respect of Money Bills. |
| 110 | Definition of “Money Bills” |
| 111 | Assent to Bills. |
| Procedure in Financial Matters | |
| 112 | Annual financial statement. |
| 113 | Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates. |
| 114 | Appropriation Bills. |
| 115 | Supplementary, additional or excess grants. |
| 116 | Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants. |
| 117 | Special provisions as to financial Bills. |
| Procedure Generally | |
| 118 | Rules of procedure |
| 119 | Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business. |
| 120 | Language to be used in Parliament. |
| 121 | Restriction on discussion in Parliament. |
| 122 | Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament. |
Chapter III : Legislative Powers Of The President |
|
| 123 | Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament. |
Chapter IV : The Union Judiciary |
|
| 124 | Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court. |
| 125 | Salaries, etc., of Judges |
| 126 | Appointment of acting Chief Justice. |
| 127 | Appointment of ad hoc judges. |
| 128 | Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court. |
| 129. | Supreme Court to be a court of record |
| 130 | Seat of Supreme Court |
| 131 | Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court |
| 131A | Repealed |
| 132 | Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases |
| 133. | Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to Civil matters |
| 134 | Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters |
| 134A | Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court. |
| 135 | Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court. |
| 136 | Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court. |
| 137 | Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court. |
| 138 | Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. |
| 139 | Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs. |
| 139A | Transfer of certain cases. |
| 140 | Ancillary powers of Supreme Court. |
| 141 | Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts. |
| 142 | Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc. |
| 143 | Power of President to consult Supreme Court. |
| 144 | Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court. |
| 144A | Repealed |
| 145 | Rules of Court, etc. |
| 146 | Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court. |
| 147 | Interpretation |
Chapter V : Comptroller And Auditor-General Of India |
|
| 148 | Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. |
| 149 | Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General |
| 150 | Form of accounts of the Union and of the States |
| 151 | Audit reports. |
* Judicial review __ usa
*President system _ usa
*fundamental rights_ usa
*Preamble _ usa
*Law making procedure _ UK
* Parliament system _ UK
* Directive principles _ Ireland
* president election _ Ireland
* Federal system _ Canada
* emergency system _ Germany
* fundamental duties _ Russia
* Concurrent list _ Australia
* Rajyasabha _ south Africa
* Supreme & High court _ usa
